normal contact

Based on penalty method and using Augmented Lagrangian method, computation model has been presented to calculate both the normal contact force and friction contact force.

在罚函数法的基础上，进一步给出了采用Augmented Lagrangian法处理法向接触力和切向接触力的计算模型。

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After wheel re-pro filing, the wheel wear rate increases which will reduce the wheel turning period. The normal contact stress tends to be stable after wheel wear and is not obvious related to the wear volume around the nominal rolling circle.

车轮经过镟修后，磨耗速率会增加，镟修周期缩短，车轮经过磨耗后法向接触应力趋于稳定，车轮滚动圆磨耗量与法向接触应力无明显关系。

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In this paper, the normal contact force between the borehole wall and buckled pipe string, bending moment and stress are analyzed as well.

本文还对管柱屈曲后与井壁之间的法向接触力、弯矩及应力等进行了分析。

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Regarding of the treatment to contact interface, the following works were carried out: presentation of mold cavity; search algorithm for contact interface pairs; calculation method for normal contact force and tangential friction force.

在任意形状接触界面的处理方面，开展了模具型腔的描述方法、接触对搜索算法、法向接触力和切向摩擦力的计算方法等工作。

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Marc. The seal mechanism was analyzed and normal contact stress distribution along seal bead was obtained.

Marc，考虑结构的材料非线性、几何非线性和接触非线性，建立了充气式气囊密封的轴对称有限元模型，对其充气密封机制进行了分析，得到了唇口法向接触应力的分布规律；

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Secondly, according to the measured data of wheel wear tracking test, the development trend of wheel wear is summarized through data processing and analyzing, and the relationship between wear and normal contact is analyzed.

其次，根据车轮磨耗长期跟踪测试，通过数据处理分析，总结车轮磨耗发展趋势，并分析磨耗量与法向接触的相互关系。

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Coincidence between the orientation of normal contact force anisotropy and the direction of the major principal stress has been observed during all stages of shear loading.

整个加荷过程中，剪切带内大主应力的偏转方向与法向接触力各向异性的主方向保持了良好的一致性。

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The contact condition was analyzed and the normal contact model and tangential contact model were established in detail when two flexible body contact. Then the contact model was associated with the equation of flexible multi-body system.

首先利用等效弹簧阻尼模型，建立了柔性多体系统的接触碰撞动力学模型，并分析了柔性体碰撞接触条件，详细的建立了两体碰撞时的法向碰撞接触模型和切向碰撞接触模型。

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It ensures the normal contact and efficiency contact between the VTS center and the region under the jurisdiction.

保证了VTS与所管辖区域内船舶的有效、正常的联系。

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In the same wheel velocity, with an increasing axle load, contact patch size 、 max wheel-rail normal contact pressure increase gradually.

在相同车轮运行速度情况下，最大轮轨法向接触压力、接触斑宽度随着车轮轴重的增加而增大。

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According to this optimization design, the distribution and values of normal contact force and Mises stress for different tooth profiles are obtained. The comparison among the analysis results are carried out, which provides a new study method for the structure optimization of transmission gears.

根据该优化方案，得到了各种型面下的接触法向力和Mises应力的分布情况及大小，并对所得结果进行比较，为传动齿轮的结构优化提供一种研究方法。

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The influence of pneumatic pressure, sealed pressure and axial diameter on normal contact stress was discussed.

讨论了充气压力、密封压力与充气压力比、轴径对法向接触应力的影响。

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Results show that normal contact stress is critical to assure a safety seal, which increases with the increase of the pneumatic pressure and axial diameter.

结果表明，法向接触应力是实现有效密封的关键，该应力随充气压力和轴径的增大而增大；

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Conclusions: There is a normal contact area between the inner surface of lateral femoral tendon and lateral femur condylar to reduce the contact pressure of the lateral surface of patella.

结论：①在正常情况下股外侧肌腱内面与股骨外侧髁存在着接触，这可能是缓解髌骨外侧关节软骨面压力的正常接触；

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The cylindrical normal contact between a rotational flexible body and a fixed cylindrical groove was investigated.

研究作旋转运动的柔性梁的线接触正碰撞问题.

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Fractal Model of Normal Contact Stiffness between Rough Surfaces

粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型

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The harmonic variation of the normal contact pressure or the maximum Hertzian pressure results in a wavy rolling contact surface profile.

不同的最大赫兹接触压力对残余应力和残余应变影响较大。

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Rolling normal contact stress calculation using nonlocal friction model

非局部摩擦模型下轧制单位力的分析

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Fractal Model of the Normal Contact Stiffness of Machine Joint Surfaces Based on the Fractal Contact Theory

基于接触分形理论的机械结合面法向接触刚度模型

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The modified penalty function method and coulomb friction law is used for evaluating normal contact force and tangent friction force respectively. In addition, the transformation of the contact force from contact point to nodes of contact elements is accomplished according to their shape.

用修正的罚函数法和库仑摩擦定律分别对接触点的法向接触力和切向摩擦力进行计算，并根据接触单元的形状实现了接触力从被接触点到接触单元节点的转化。

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Through numerical treatment and normal-tangent iteration, the normal contact stress, tangential stress and contact width of plastic gears are acquired.

对该积分方程组经过数值处理和法向&切向问题的选代运算后，则可以求得塑料齿轮副啮合轮齿的法向接触应力、切向接触应力和接触区宽度。

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For power-distributed tilting EMU, in order to make the normal contact between pantograph and cate-nary, it is necessary for pantograph to tilt while EMU tilts.

对于动力分散的摆式电动车组，带受电弓的车体倾摆时，受电弓也要作相应的倾摆，才能保证受电弓与接触网的正常接触。

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In contrast with the case without sealed pressure, the normal contact stress on the side of sealed media is larger than that on the other side.

被密封介质压力使得靠近介质一侧的接触应力减小而另一侧的接触应力增大；

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The paper mainly analyzed the failure of pantograph and contact line happening at the normal contact of contact-line in the help of wind load, found out the real cause of failure, made out reasonable scheme.

主要阐明在风载的作用下，在接触网定位点处发生的弓网故障进行剖析，从中找出诱发故障的真实原因，制定合理的改造方案。

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Thus, only the normal contact problem for the wheel/ rail in the right side is studied.

以右侧轮轨为研究对象，只针对法向接触问题进行研究。

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Firstly, the effect of the wheel/ rail geometric parameters on normal contact is analyzed for normal wheel without OOR.

首先，考虑车轮正常情况（无车轮不圆）下，通过改变轮轨几何参数，研究这些参数对法向接触的影响。

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And the normal contact after the disintegration of uhe USSR.

苏联解体后的正常交往。

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Conductivity detection is one of electrochemical detection methods commonly used in chip electrophoresis, The circuit used in contactless conductivity detection system is often complicated, while electric coupling effect in normal contact conductivity detection system may cause electrolysis and electrode polarization.

电导检测方法是芯片电泳中常用的电化学检测方法之一，非接触式电导检测存在检测电路复杂等问题，而接触式电导检测通常由于电耦合作用可导致检测电极上发生电解和极化。

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Conclusion Early operation was recommended for the tear of medial collateral ligament to keep the normal contact between the starting point of the muscles and the broken ligament, the tear of small bone should be cut at the same time.

结论肘内侧副韧带断裂宜及早手术，切除小撕脱骨片，恢复和保持肌起点和韧带断端的正常接触。

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Finite Element Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Normal Contact

法向接触时涂层界面剥离行为的有限元分析

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